Flash X-ray generators or pulsed electron accelerators having either of the following sets of characteristics: a. 1. An accelerator peak electron energy of 500 keV or greater but less than 25 MeV; and 2. With a figure of merit (K) of 0.25 or greater; or b. 1. An accelerator peak electron energy of 25 MeV or greater; and 2. A peak power greater than 50 MW.

LIST OF NUCLEAR-RELATED DUAL-USE EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, SOFTWARE, AND RELATED TECHNOLOGY

5.B. Test and Production Equipment

INFCIRC/254/Rev.8/Part 2

Note: Item 5.B.1. does not control accelerators that are component parts of devices designed for purposes other than electron beam or X-ray radiation (electron microscopy, for example) nor those designed for medical purposes. Technical Notes: 1. The figure of merit K is defined as: K=1.7 x 10 3 V 2.65 Q. V is the peak electron energy in million electron volts. If the accelerator beam pulse duration is less than or equal to 1 μ s, then Q is the total accelerated charge in Coulombs. If the accelerator beam pulse duration is greater than 1 μ s, then Q is the maximum accelerated charge in 1 μ s. Q equals the integral of i with respect to t, over the lesser of 1 μ s or the time duration of the beam pulse ( Q= idt ∫ ) where i is beam current in amperes and t is the time in seconds. 2. Peak power = (peak potential in volts) x (peak beam current in amperes). 3. In machines based on microwave accelerating cavities, the time duration of the beam pulse is the lesser of 1 μ s or the duration of the bunched beam packet resulting from one microwave modulator pulse. 4. In machines based on microwave accelerating cavities, the peak beam current is the average current in the time duration of a bunched beam packet.